Wind Simulation for Extreme and Fatigue Loads
نویسندگان
چکیده
Målinger af atmosfærisk turbulens afviger fra en Gaussisk proces, specielt hvad ang̊ar hastighedsændringer over sm̊a tidsskridt, hvor halerne p̊a sandsynlighedsfordelingen snarere er ekspotentielle end Gaussiske. Tælleprincipperne for ekstreme hændelser og eksistensen af kaskader af hændelser gennemg̊as. Empiriske ekstremstatistikker findes i overensstemmelse med Rices overskridelsesteori, n̊ar fordelingerne af hastighedsfluktuationer og deres tidsafledede antages at være uafhængige. Forudsigelser baseret p̊a antagelsen om at turbulensen er en Gaussisk proces vil dog undervurdere forekomsten af ekstremværdier med adskillige størrelsesordner, p̊a grund af afvigelsen fra den sande sandsynlighedsfordeling. Der er udviklet metoder til at simulere turbulenssignaler of visse forbedringer af beregningseffektiviteten. Metoderne kan anvendes til koblede processer med individuelle spektralog sandsynlighedsfordelinger. Ikke-Gaussiske processer simuleres med en en transformation fra de Gaussiake tilfælde under hensyntagen til forvrængningen af korrelationsfunktionen; ikke-stationære processer opn̊as med Bezier interpolation mellem stationære simuleringer med identiske pseudotilfældige tal; mens simulering af systemer, hvor enkelte signaler er kendte, muliggøres med betingede sandsynlighedsfordelinger. Der er udviklet en alsidig metode til at simulere ekstreme hændelser. Denne metode kan generere vindstød, vindspring, ekstreme hastighedsgradienter, og pludselige vindretningsskift. Der kan foreskrives en ønsket ensemble-middel form af de simulerede hændelser, og metode kan bruges til at find den kritiske hændelse for en given konstruktion. Opgaven formuleres som et variationsproblem, hvor man finder den mest sandsynlige justering af en sædvanlig simulering af en stationær Gaussisk process underlagt den relevante ekstremværdibetingelse, der formuleres som en linearkombination af værdier i processen. Metoden generaliseres til flere korrelerede processer, flere samvirkende betingelser, og tredimesionale felter. Der præsenteres generaliseringer for en enkelt ikke-Gaussisk proces underlagt simple betingelser, og der foresl̊as yderligere generaliseringer for korrelerede ikke-Gaussiske proceser. This work is a joint effort of Risø National Laboratory, the Technical University of Denmark, and NEG-Micon A/S, as part of the EFP-2001(Wind) programme sponsored by the Danish Energy Agency, contract no. 1363/01-0005. ISBN 87–550–3281–8(Internet) ISSN 0106–2840
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